IEEE Style Edition

This document is not intended to be viewed separately.
It should be consulted from within the Engineering Writing Centre bibliography builder  (IEEE version).
It explains how to format each element for a citation according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) reference style.

The major difference between IEEE style and other conventions (Chicago, M.L.A., A.P.A.) is that it uses a single sequentially order note number to cite all references to each source mentioned in the text.

Book
[Citation Numbers]  Author's Name, Title of book[, edition, editors, translators]. Location: Publisher, Date.
(click the labels on the form above for help on each item, or scroll to see examples below:)

Citation Numbers

• IEEE style encloses citation numbers within the text of a paper in square brackets [1]  rather than as superscripts¹.  Each citation number in the reference list is also enclosed in square brackets.
• Enter only the number—not the brackets— into the form.

Author(s) [ individual | two or more | indiv., with ed./trans | corporate  | none | editor or translator ]
Select from the above list for more about entering the author of your source.

• Enter only the author's initials followed by surnames.  "S. Hawking", "B. Gates", "S. Jobs"
• Omit professional titles such as "Dr." or "Ph.D."; include personal titles such as "Jr." or "III" after surname and comma.  "L.J. Johnston, III", "J.F. Kennedy , Jr."

Individual Author: "J. Smith," "K.D. Lee," "L.B. Brown, Jr.," "J.B. Smith-Woods,"

• A standard single author entry looks like this:

[3]	D. Jones, Technical Writing Style,  Toronto: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.

• For each author, use initials followed by surname.
• List the authors in the order given in the source.

[6]	H. Inose and J.R. Pierce, Information Technology and Civilization, New York: Freeman, 1984.

[7]	D. Beer, R.F. Martin, and P. Fingle, Photosensory Transduction, New York: Willey, 1993.

• Note that commas go between each name, and also that "and" comes before the last name in the list.

• To the standard single author entry, simply insert the names of the editor or translator between title and publication information, separated by a comma. Note that, as with authors, you use the editor's/translator's initials, followed by the full surname, omitting professional titles but including personal titles such as "Jr." or "III".
• Immediately after, identify that person's role by using either Ed./Eds. (editor/multiple editors) or Trans. (covers both single and multiple translators), followed by a comma.

[5]	W. Heisenberg, The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory, C. Eckhart and F.C. Hoyt, Trans., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930.

[6]	W. Heisenberg, The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory , C. Eckhart and F.C. Hoyt, Trans., 2nd. ed., New York: Dover, 1949.

[7]	A. Einstein, Letters of Alfred Einstein, J.H. Miller, Ed., New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.

• Sometimes an organization acts as the author.
• Enter the name of the largest organization first, followed by subdivisions, committee names, etc..

[2]	Council of Biology Editors.  Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 6th ed.,  Chicago: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

• If there are no authors, corporate author, editor, compiler, or translator, omit the author spot.
• Begin the entry with with the title of the book instead.

[1]	An Anonymous Critique of Computer Culture,  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

• If you are using a collection of papers, or if the source gives no author, but has an editor, translator, compiler, etc., use that person in author space and identify his or her role.

[4]	J.L. Spudich and B.H. Satir, Eds., Sensory Receptors and Signal Transduction,  New York: Wiley-Liss, 1991.

[5]	S.A. Selber, Ed. Computers and Technical Communication: Pedagogical and Programmatic Perspectives, Greenwich, Connecticut: Ablex, 1997.

• Enter only the year (not the month or day, if given).
• If the source gives several dates, use the most recent one.

Book Title: "Technical Writing: Situations and Strategies", "Crohn's Disease & Ulcerative Colitis"

• Enter the full title, as given on the copyright page (on the back of the fancy title page).
• The cover of a book may have the huge word "ROBOTS", and beneath it in smaller type, "Machines in Man's Image."
• The word "ROBOTS" appears on the tops of the inside pages.
• However, the copyright page gives the full title as: "Robots, Machines in Man's Image".
• Capitalize all words in the title, except for "of," "and," "for," "in" etc. or follow capitalization practice on copyright page.  The title of the book in the above example would thus be "Robots, Machines in Man's Image."

Edition (other than the first): "2nd ed.",   "rev. 3rd ed.",   "4th ed., World Science Series, vol. 2.",    "1st Canadian ed., rev. by Sarah Jones."

• Enter only the number abbreviation in the form (i.e. "2nd", "4th")
• If a the edition is edited or translated, put the editor or translator's name in this space before the edition number.

Location:"London", "London, Ont.", "Paris, Tex.", "n.p." [for "no place"]

• If the city of publication is not very well-known, or if there is a possibility for confusion, add the country, or the abbreviation for the province or state.
• If you add the state or province, do not use postal code abbreviations (TX or NJ).
• Use the standard abbreviations ("Tex." or "N.J."), which you may find in a dictionary.
• If the book was published in more than one city, and the first listed city is very remote, choose the one closest to you.

Publisher: "University of Toronto Press",   "O'Reilley ",   "n.p." [for "no publisher"]

• If the source has no place of publication and no publisher, a single "n.p." will suffice.
• If the publisher is also the corporate author, do not repeat it here.

Article Type: | Book | Journal  |  Periodical (Semi-Frequent) | Periodical (Frequent)  | Conference Proceedings | Web-page
(click the labels on the form or the above list of article types for help on each item, or scroll to see examples below:)

• For an article in an edited book, use practice similar to that for author w/ editor or translator above, inserting article title between author[s] names and book title.
• [Citation Number] Author name[s], "article title," in  book title, editor names, publication location: publisher, year, pages.

[6]	E.D. Lipson and B.D. Horowitz, "Photosensory reception and transduction," in Sensory Receptors and Signal Transduction, J.L. Spudich and B.H. Satir, Eds.  New York: Willey-Liss, 1991.  pp. 1-64.

[7]	J. Lacan.  "The insistence of the letter in the unconscious,"  in Psychoanalysis and Language, David Lodge, Ed., J. Rose, Trans.,  Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992, pp. 123-34.

• [Citation Number] Author name[s], "article title,"journal title , volume number, issue number, month (abbrv.), pages, publication year.
• Only include information which is pertinent to your source.  For example, many professional and academic journals do not have an issue month.  In that case, or when it seems unnecessary, do not include it in your citation.

[1]	K.A. Nelson, R.J. Dwayne Miller, D.R. Lutz, and M.D. Fayer,  "Optical generation of turntable ultrasonic waves," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb., pp. 1144-1149.

[2]	J. Allemang, "Social studies in gibberish," Quarterly Reviews of Doublespeak, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 9-10.

• In the case of popular monthly or bimonthly periodicals, omit volume number and issue, identifying instead by month and year of publication.
• [Citation Number] Author name[s], "article title,"periodical  title , month (abbrv.), pages, publication year.

[3]	J. Fallows, "Network technology," Atlantic Monthly, Jul.,  pp. 34-36, 1994.

• In the case of more frequently published periodicals, use day, month, and year to identify.
• [Citation Number] Author name[s], "article title,"periodical  title, day number month (abbrv.), pages, publication year.

[4]	B. Metcalfe, "The numbers show how slowly the Internet runs today," Infoworld, 30 Sep., p. 34, 1996.

[5]	J. Turner, "Disorder 'kills without warning,'"  The Toronto Star, 26 Jun., pp. F1-F2, 1998.

• Treat a presentation in conference proceedings like an article in an edited book, including all available publication information.  Conference proceedings are often published by the organization holding the conference; in that case, do not cite the publisher.

[8]	Paez-Borrallo, I.A. Perez-Alavarezz, and S.Z. Bello,  "Adaptive foltering in data communications with self improved error reference," in Proc. IEEE ICASSP '94, 1994, pp. 65-68.

• Treat an unpublished paper presented as a conference in the following manner: [Citation Number] Author name[s], "article title," presented at conference title. conference location, year.

[9]	M. Lai, B. Chen, and S. Yuan,  "Toward a new educational environment," presented at 4th Int. World Wide Web Conf. Boston, MA, 1995.

• Give the author, title, type of medium (enclosed in brackets), volume and issue number (if on-line journal), page number (if relevant or given), and the year and the month of publication (in parentheses).  Then give the full internet address or the name of the online service provider prefaced by "Available at ".  If not an on-line journal, also put [cited year month day] before "Available at".

 

[10]	A. Harnack and G. Kleppinger, "Beyond the MLA Handbook: Documenting Electronic Sources on the Internet." Kairos, [Online serial] 1 (2), (1996 Sum), Available at HTTP: http://english.ttu.edu.kairos/1.2/
[11]	P. Curtis, "Mudding: Social Phenomena in text-based virtual realities," [Online document] Aug. 1992, [1996 Aug 30], Available at FTP: parcftp.xerox.com/pub/MOO/papers/DIAC921992

• In entry, capitalize the words in the title the same way you would if you were writing a sentence.
• Note: In IEEE style, capitalization practices for article titles are different than those used for book or journal titles.

Periodical Title: The Toronto Star, Physics of Fluids, U.S. News & World Report

• Underline the title of the newspaper, journal, or magazine you are citing will be
• Enter a title corresponding to the capitalization style employed by your source.

Volume and Issue

• For both volume and issue, enter only the number in the form.
• Periodicals have a volume number, which begins incrementing from the first year of publication.
• Many periodicals come out several times a year. Each individual publication is an issue.
• A journal that comes out 2-4 times a year: give the volume and issue number (not the season or month)
• A magazine that comes out 6-12 times per year: "62, 3, Mar.,:"
• give the volume
• for the issue, give the number and the month (abbreviation)
• A magazine or newspaper that comes out more frequently: "6 Jun."
• omit the volume number.
• for the issue, give the day, followed by the month of publication.  Do not include superscript "th" or "nd" with day number.
• newspapers may be be printed in several editions each day; specify the one you are using.

• Enter only the page range into the form.
• Be aware that some journals paginate by issue, others by annual volume.  It is imperative that you specify the number of the issue, especially when the pagination restarts with each issue.
• For alphanumeric pagination systems, follow the order used by the source.

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